The Historical Significance of Haetae, Main Symbol of Gyeongbokgung

Gyeongbokgung (경복궁), located at the hubbub center of Seoul, South Korea, stands as a representation of the Korea’s rich history and architectural grandeur. Constructed in 1395 during the Joseon Dynasty, Gyeongbokgung played a pivotal role around Korea’s important historical events for centuries. 

Most importantly, this palace served as the main royal residence and the political center of Joseon, where the king conducted government affairs. Over the centuries, the palace witnessed significant events, including invasions by Japan and the Manchues, leading to its destruction and subsequent reconstruction. Despite being burned down during the Japanese occupation in the early 20th century, it was restored in the 1990s, showing both the hardships and triumphs the country has gone through. Today, even after 600 years, this timeless palace remains a must-visit destination for every one of those visiting Korea. However, while most people emphasize the historical richness and remarkable architectural innovation of Gyeongbok Gung, some fail to notice the various symbolic elements adorning the place, among which Haetae (해태) — a mythical creature of ancient Asia — holds significant meaning.

Picture of Gyeongbokgung and exploring tourists

As you approach the grand entrance of Gyeongbok Gung, a seemingly ludicrous statue positioned at the very first step leading up to the main gates will catch your eyes. Standing tall, the creature’s fearful eyes stare outwards, as if it is ready to defend the palace at any cost. The Haetae, also known as Haechi (해치) originated from Korea’s mythology, symbolzing justice and protection. In the context of the Gyeongbok Gung specifically, Haetaes are strategically placed to safeguard the place from negative energies and disasters including fires from occuring. Since a lot of wars and aggressions took place centering the Gyeongbokgung, this statue served as a guardian during the long years of unrest. Moreover, according to the legend, Haetae acted as a suppressor of the fiery energy of Gwanak Mountain (관악산), making sure that no disasters destroy the palace. 

Picture of Haetae

Although the appearance of Haetae is slightly different and controversial in every arts and legends, the one at Gyeongbok Gung has a horn believed to ward off evils and detect threatening forces (though some mythology suggests the horn of Haetae to be a later addition, showing how stories vary in different regions). 

Haetae is also known to represent the law so it’s presence is ubiquitous including at the National Assembly, the National Police Agency, and the Supreme Court. Not only Haetae represent the law but it is also a symbol that influenced the origin of the Chinese character law (법) itself. It is said, when people fight, Haetae charges at the wrongdoers, and when people argue, it bites those who had transgressed. The Chinese character for law (法), is not referring specifically to legal laws but in a general sense, originally represented Haetae calmly judging and punishing the wrong, symbolized by the ancient character 灋. However, due to its complexity in writing, the character was simplified, and the current character 法, without the Haetae component, became widely used. 

Haetae no longer exist solely on legend and stories. The influence of Haetae is still effective on contemporary people and this seemingly mythological creature is being used in many places including as Seoul’s main mascot, fire headquarter’s mascot, and a name of renowned industries. Next time when you visit Gyeongbok Gung, enjoy the architectural beauty and histories the place offers but also take a moment to appreciate the symbolic presence of Haetae, whose magical power to fight against evils made the nation of today. If you want to learn more about Haetae and Gyeongbok Gung, consider clicking on the following link (https://thegunggwol.imweb.me/Preview) to book for free tours.

Works Cited

“화재를 막고 정의를 수호하는 신수(神獸), 해태상.” Nculture.org, 2018, ncms.nculture.org/stonecraft/story/5323#none. Accessed 22 Mar. 2025.

‌“국가유산진흥원.” Kh.or.kr, 2022, www.kh.or.kr/brd/board/741/L/menu/740?brdType=R&thisPage=1&bbIdx=111410&searchField=&searchText=. Accessed 22 Mar. 2025.

“우리역사넷.” History.go.kr, 2025, contents.history.go.kr/mobile/eh/view.do?levelId=eh_r0190_0010&code=eh_age_30. Accessed 22 Mar. 2025.

Haetae in Gyeongbok Gung." Wikimedia Commons, 2013, photograph, Seoul. Accessed 23 Mar. 2025, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Haetae_In_Gyeongbokgung_Palace.JPG.

경복궁 광화문.” Wikimedia Commons, 2016, photograph, Park Eunmi, 

Accessed 23 Mar. 2025, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:경복궁_광화문_%28cropped%29.jpg